The crown passed on October 30, 1485, when Henry Tudor wore it in Westminster Abbey after beating Richard III at Bosworth and finding the king's crown in a thorn bush, by the tale. He was a Welsh-born exile who had never ruled a day. The throne was won. He was a Welsh claimant with few friends.
The war had been long. The blood had run for a generation. The houses of York and Lancaster had bled each other for thirty years, and Henry's claim was thin, so he wed Elizabeth of York to join the roses and quiet the rivals, while the match made peace and the line was set for a new age of the throne. The match made peace. The crowns were joined at last.
The reign brought calm. He counted the pennies with care. Henry kept a tight hand on the nobles, built the royal cash, and backed the merchants who traded with the continent, while he avoided costly wars abroad and let the country heal. The country grew rich. The peace held. Trade picked up after the wars.
The Tudors flowed from him: his son Henry VIII and granddaughters Mary, Elizabeth, and the rest. The crown that Bosworth won stayed in the family for a century. The first king was careful. His grandson ruled a world empire. The dynasty changed England. The line held through storm and split.